QRIS (Quality Rating and Improvement System)

A Quality Rating and Improvement System (QRIS) is a state-level framework for assessing, improving, and communicating the quality of early childhood programs. Most states and several territories operate a QRIS, although the specific structure, criteria, and rating scales vary. The most common format uses a star rating (typically 1 to 5 stars), with higher ratings indicating higher quality.

QRIS ratings are based on multiple quality indicators, which may include staff qualifications and professional development, curriculum and learning environment, family engagement practices, health and safety standards, ratios and group sizes, administrative practices, and accreditation status. Programs are assessed through a combination of self-assessment, on-site observation, and document review. Many QRIS use validated classroom observation tools such as the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS) or the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS).

Participation in QRIS is voluntary in most states, but there are strong incentives for providers to participate. Higher-rated programs may receive tiered reimbursement for subsidy children, quality improvement grants, professional development scholarships, and priority access to resources. For families, QRIS ratings provide a transparent way to evaluate and compare childcare options, similar to restaurant health ratings or hotel star ratings.